2024

Mycotoxicosis is a serious threat to poultry, caused by ingesting contaminated feed with toxigenic fungi or mycotoxins. It is characterized by loss of performance, poor immune response, and/or even death within a short period. The traditional approaches for the control of mycotoxicosis are based on the use of synthetic feed additives or toxin binders, which have certain limitations, such as the appearance of residues in poultry products, the emergence of drug resistance, and consumer's demand to use natural material for sustaining the health of animals. Therefore, this review was planned to explore the promising role of botanicals in ameliorating mycotoxicosis in poultry. The pathogenesis of mycotoxicosis involves the initiation of oxidative stress. Phytogenic or botanicals such as turmeric, garlic, ellagic acid, and curcumin exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and immunomodulatory properties. These properties help to detoxify mycotoxins, improve immune responses, protect against oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species, and mitigate inflammation. Despite the use of synthetic compounds, farmers can employ a sustainable and natural approach i.e. the use of botanicals to control mycotoxicosi

Evidence of humans using plant or animal medicine goes back 60,000 years. According to the World Health Organization statistics, about 80% of the world's people prefer herbal or animal extracts or hair products for primary health care. They consume their seeds; a medicinal plant is called a plant that has substances. It is a personal effect. Medicinal plants, in addition to general and basic compounds, each have at least one specific secondary effective substance. These special effective materials, which include thousands of species, are called “natural plant-animal materials”. Evaluation of these materials is done in two ways: evaluation of biological activity and determining the existence of effective materials. In addition, more than 50% of all new clinical drugs are of natural origin. One of the key advantages of using medicinal plants is their ability to treat bacterial resistance to various types of antibiotics, a significant global health issue. In this article, an attempt has been made to introduce and use natural compounds of plant and animal origin in food and medicines and examine their health and use effects. The results show that due to the less side effects of plant and animal sources, the use of these natural compounds can be effective in the treatment, nutrition and prevention of diseases by following the instructions

The increase in demand for energy consumption and the continuous reduction of its resources in the world reveal the necessity of optimizing and saving energy consumption. Since the use of traditional extraction methods in the country is associated with high consumption of water and energy, the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) technology as a non-thermal and environmentally friendly method has received attention recently. The main method of PEF for treating biological tissues is due to its use as non-thermal. Increasing cell permeability is applicable in extracting complex organic molecules. In this study, the PEF method is introduced as a gentle (non-thermal) processing approach to open the cellular structure in enhancing the quality and safety of food and compares it with traditional and thermal methods. The results of the comparison exhibited that the amount of energy consumed in the thermal method is 722 times that of the pulse method, while the PEF uses short-term high voltage pulses to open the cell structure by a process called electroporation. Extraction efficiency is considered as a function of electric field power, time and applied pulses amounts, temperature, and pulse frequency of the generator. Using the PEF method compared to the thermal one significantly reduces the energy consumption and can improve the quality and durability of the ingredients up to 20% depending on the type of product.