2024

The paper provides an analytical review of studies on the problem of resources and risks of digitalization of the professional training system. The article considers the use of information resources and interaction in the network in the process of training engineering specialists as a factor in their professional and personal growth. The content of engineering students' ideas about the features of self-realization in the new conditions of the digital environment is identified and systematized. The features of students' attitudes to learning in the context of digitalization of professional training are shown. The article presents the main results of an empirical study of engineering students' ideas about the methods of self-presentation, motivation and obstacles to achieving success in the learning process in multi-level formats of the digital educational environment. The specifics of engineering students' ideas about the advantages and limitations of digitalization of the learning process are shown. Personal, cognitive, communicative, social and didactic risks of digital technologies in professional training are identified and described. The results of the study indicate that engineering students consider the digital environment as a resource space of new opportunities and vectors of self-realization, while adequately assessing the risks of digitalization of learning. A model of psychological support for an engineering student as a subject of self-realization in a digital environment is proposed

The article is dedicated to the selection of the optimal set of machines for sorting and crushing municipal solid waste based on its properties and accumulation rates. Considering the properties of waste and technologies for its collection, a new technological scheme for processing municipal solid waste was developed and, based on this scheme, the optimal set of machines was selected. In addition, the research conducted to determine the fractional composition of the waste made it possible to substantiate the diameter of holes in the drum screen mesh. Based on the analysis of the morphological composition of the waste at the end of the technological chain, the type of crusher design was determined and the main parameters of the hammer crusher were substantiated in connection with the technological processing. The optimal set of machines will make it possible to process the components of municipal solid waste for use in the form of secondary raw materials with the least material and time cost

The morphometric characteristics of the North American invasive plant Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen were studied in the Kostanay region, Kazakhstan. Monitoring of plant populations has been ongoing since 2021. Vegetation begins in the first decade of May, ends in the second or third decade of September, lasting 146 days. Flowering occurs in late July and is prolonged, classifying the species as a late-summer flowering plant with long flowering duration. Fruiting is rapid, starting in the third decade of July, continuing until the end of August. The phenological phases of bud formation, flowering, and fruiting overlap, flowering and seed ripening are uneven. Analysis of variation coefficients shows that the amplitude of variability of traits in C.xanthiifolia does not differ widely, encompassing only 2 levels of variation - normal and significant, with the majority of parameters having normal Cv (%) values in all three months. The maximum Cv value in the C.xanthiifolia population does not exceed 47.7% (number of leaves on lateral shoots in July), the minimum is 10.58% (number of leaves in August). Cyclachaena xanthiifolia is a highly competitive weed that rapidly spreads throughout the region, quickly occupying dominant positions in plant communities, displacing all other plant species

This study investigates the floristic composition of the plant community established on the Kostanay iron ore dump, a man-made habitat resulting from long-term industrial activity. We aim to identify plant species that have successfully colonized this edaphically and chemically stressful environment and analyze their adaptations to the specific conditions. A comprehensive vegetation survey across three iron ore deposits (Sokolovo, Sarbai, and Kachar) dump sites documented a total of 284 plant species. This flora encompasses representatives from 163 genera distributed among 44 families. Notably, the iron ore dump flora exhibits a 37.6% degree of synanthropization, indicative of moderate anthropogenic transformation. This level of transformation is characterized by the dominance of synanthropic species adapted to thrive in human-disturbed habitats, potentially including species capable of tolerating elevated levels of salts, metals and other contaminants

This article presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation into the current state of natural vegetation cover on iron ore dumpsites operated by mining enterprises within the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan. We propose a holistic approach to enhancing the sustainability of the iron ore industry through forest reclamation, utilizing zonal plant species for the revegetation of these degraded landscapes. This approach centers on the ecological reclamation of iron ore dumpsites through the strategic implementation of native, zonally adapted plant species. By meticulously selecting plant communities that flourish within the specific ecological zones of the Kostanay region, the proposed method aspires to re-establish a self-sustaining ecosystem on the degraded land. The significance of this scientific undertaking transcends the immediate benefits associated with restoring ecological equilibrium. By adopting such strategies, the iron ore industry can contribute meaningfully to environmental preservation in a multifaceted manner. Reclaimed dumpsites can evolve into natural filters, facilitating water purification and mitigating potential pollution stemming from mining activities. Additionally, the re-establishment of native vegetation fosters biodiversity, thereby providing crucial habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna

The article presents data about of the adventive component of the flora of the Kemerovo region, which differs from other subjects of the Asian part of Russia with the highest population density and is a region of intensive development. It is noted that the beginning of the introduction of alien species into the territory of the region through human activity can be considered by the XVII century. A group of archaeophytes is indicated for this period. For the territory of the Kemerovo region, the boundary between archaeophytes and neophytes can serve as the XVIII century. The most significant anthropogenic influence on the vegetation cover of Kuzbass began in the 20th century. It was established that the alien component of the flora of vascular plants is 338 species of 224 genera, 80 families. The largest foreign species and genera of the family are noted: Asteraceae, Poaceae Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae. For each floristic area, the number of alien species is indicated, as well as the "original" alien species, noted so far only in this area. It is proposed to supplement the list of invasive species of Kuzbass with 15 species. It has been established that among the alien species of Kuzbass xenophytes, therophytes, one-two-year-old summer-green grassy rod-rooted monocarpics predominate. Geographical analysis of the adventitious flora showed that the enrichment of the Kuzbass flora with alien species was multidirectional

The paper describes the results of monitoring studies of the quality of tap water in the city of Uralsk. A solution was found to use natural reserves of the mineral diatomite in the purification of drinking water. The natural sorbent diatomite was modified with hydrochloric acid before testing. Natural and modified diatomite samples were studied using X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microscopy. In acid-activated diatomite, the specific surface area and porosity increase by 2.5 times. Xray fluorescence analysis of the elemental composition showed an increase in the silicon content in the sorbent. Organoleptic and physicochemical properties were studied in the original and diatomite-treated water: turbidity, taste, smell, color, hardness, permanganate oxidation, pH, iron and copper ions. The efficiency of sorption with respect to heavy metals was tested using the model toxicant copper sulfate. Determinations of copper and iron ions were carried out using the atomic spectrometry method. Hardness, permanganate oxidation, pH and organoleptic parameters were determined by standard methods. Treatment of water with natural and modified diatomite made it possible to significantly reduce water pollution according to the studied parameters. Filtering water with a modified diatomite sorbent allows you not only to purify water from unwanted impurities, but also to adjust its salt composition due to the intake of silicon. Based on the results of the work, we can conclude that, compared to natural, modified diatomite has higher adsorption properties in relation to copper and iron cations, increases pH, and also contributes to more effective water purification from unwanted impurities

The color of horse meat may depend on several factors, including storage conditions, animal type and age, as well as meat processing methods. Studies aimed at comparing the color of dry aging and wet aging of horse meat have not been the subject of much scientific research. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of dry and wet aging of horse meat on color. The object of research is a boneless dorsal cut of horse meat. Meat samples were isolated 24 hours after slaughter and stored (2 ± 5 °C) in a dark place. Eight samples of horse meat were cut from a boneless dorsal cut, and then randomly distributed according to the periods and aging method. Two control samples - 1 day, three samples of dry aging – 14, 21, 28 days. Wet aging of horse meat was carried out in vacuum packed form in a refrigerated product storage chamber at a temperature of 2±1 °C and relative humidity of no more than 90% for 28 days. Instrumental color measurements were carried out on the L*, a* and b* scales using a Minolta colorimeter (Minolta CR-400, Osaka, Japan) installed with a D65 illuminator, viewing angle 2°. The differences in the indicator of Lightness L* in meat of dry and wet aging for 14 days were 1,785, at 21 days - 3,784 and 28 days - 10,754, in terms of Redness, a* 11,626 - at 14 days, 13.0841 and 15.1253 were 21 and 28 days, respectively. The difference in Blue, b* was 8.6054, 13.3676, 12.3517 for 14.21 and 28 days. The obtained color differences, ΔE* 17,1346, 21,192, 26,64 indicate that the method of aging of horse meat has a significant effect on its color.

In order to ensure sustainable development and system management of livestock farming, the expansion of the scientific research boundaries and interdisciplinary focus of science is becoming increasingly important. In this regard, at the present stage in the field of animal breeding, especially in intensive livestock breeding, the possibility of early forecasting of long-term productive use of animals with high levels of productivity is becoming increasingly important, which in turn puts forward the need to combine the efforts of different branches of science. For example, in scientific research in the field of selection and breeding, more and more attention is paid not only to the appearance, but also to genotype of animals, in particular the isolation of individual species in the genotype, with a certain allelic state of genes. For the last years, the scientists of agrarian university have been actively studying somatotropin cascade genes, and it was decided to deepen studying the prevalence of alleles of this gene in particular breed, in particular Holstein breed of cattle, which is widely spread in Kazakhstan. The laboratory DNA-typing of Holstein breed on polymorphisms bGH-AluI, bIGF-1-SnaBI was carried out and the analysis of genetic structure of researched populations was carried out. The genotypes of each animal were established. The aim of this article is to evaluate the association of pair combinations of polymorphisms bGH-AluI, and bIGF-1-SnaBI with productive life expectancy of Holstein cows of Kazakh breeding was studied. In Holstein cows there is observed the strengthening of phenotypic effects towards an increase of milk productivity indicators in the pair combination¹ 1 bGH-AluILL-bIGF-1-SnaBIAA. In Holstein cows of record with diplotype bGH-AluILV-bIGF-1-SnaBIAA, strengthening of combined effect is observed in relation to separately taken genotypes by the trait of total milk yield

In today's discerning consumer market, flour milling has evolved beyond merely meeting established standards; it demands an understanding of evolving consumer needs and the ability to tailor products accordingly. A prominent global challenge lies in ensuring consistent wheat quality, particularly in addressing the prevalence of sprouted grains that compromise gluten quality. This necessitates a more rigorous scientific approach, encompassing novel methodologies and dedicated research initiatives. To address these hurdles, this article proposes a comprehensive strategy that leverages enzyme improvers and rheological studies of elastic properties, exemplified by the Alveolab Alveograph. Through a series of test bakings of tin bread, the impact of various enzyme additives, including Kazenzym 26007, Kazelco, AlphamaltVC 5000 Sn, and Alphamalt HCC, will be evaluated at varying dosages.

Air quality is a critical issue for populations living in large cities with developed transportation infrastructures. Transport makes a significant contribution to air pollution, and in the era of rapid technological development, the application of intelligent transportation systems, and the advancement of smart cities, the problem of air quality remains acute. Oversaturated traffic flows are difficult to describe using mathematical models and apply effective management strategies. However, models based on the use of artificial neural networks can provide a solution. This paper proposes a strategy for air quality monitoring using a deeply trained neural network, which takes into account real-time parameters of traffic flow and meteorological conditions. This strategy has been successfully implemented in the city of Chelyabinsk, and the calculated data is correlated with data obtained from mobile laboratories at four stations located on one of the central streets of the city. 

The article presents a new fast method for generating a biometric multimedia file consisting of a color image of a face with a color QR code embedded in it, containing biometric data about the face, as well as documentary information about the person to whom this face belongs. Embedding is implemented by simultaneously replacing three LSB slices in the RED, GREEN and BLUE components of a color face image with a color QR code. At the same time, the embedded QR code does not detect the fact of its existence in the multimedia file. To improve the understanding of the idea of the method, the proposed solutions and the algorithm implementing the method, the article presents graphic illustrations with appropriate descriptions and explanations. The solutions proposed in the article have a number of qualitative characteristics presented and discussed in the article. The areas of application of the proposed solutions are marked.  

In the following decades AI-based techniques are likely to be the driving force for transforming every segment of human society, education included. AI technologies obviously undergo a period of intense growth of reputation and expectations at all levels of professional education and have true potential for enhancing postgraduate qualification programs as well. This paper explores the perspectives of implementing Speech-to- Text (STT) & Text-to-Speech (TTS) tools in redesigning PhD studies curriculum as speech recognition and text-to-speech instruments are supposed to be effectively used both for academic purposes and in research. Even now the individual needs of PhD students in scientific data processing can be covered with existing automatic speech/text recognition free access apps through their multifold settings. But as our survey shows, only few postgraduate students are familiar with the STT and TTS tools, which makes it vital to incorporate these techniques into postgraduate education for it to become more versatile.   

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education has emerged as a transformative force, particularly in the realm of language skills development. AI-driven tools offer unprecedented opportunities to enhance academic writing and reading proficiency among students. However, as educators harness these innovative technologies, a critical imperative arises: ensuring the ethical use of AI in educational contexts. This article explores the delicate balance between innovation and ethics in leveraging AI applications to elevate language competence in academic settings. Specifically, we delve into the ethical considerations surrounding the adoption of AI tools for enhancing writing and reading skills. By examining ethical dilemmas, best practices, and implications, we seek to illuminate the path towards responsible AI integration in language education.    

University start-ups, organized in many countries, can be viewed as part of the academic curriculum because they are accompanied by the courses where the entrepreneurial experiences can be discussed in class with the instructor or become parts of the diploma projects. The entrepreneurial attitudes of the youth in Russia are supposed to be supported by the university management nowadays, since the federal higher education authorities require universities to stimulate academic entrepreneurship as a new educational technology. The main spheres in which university start-ups work successfully are business, economics, science and technologies. The paper aims at sharing the experience of start-up building both in commercially common and non-common fields, like arts and design, humanities, and education. The data presented in the paper encourage the introduction of the start-up approach as a compulsory one in professional education for students of any academic specialization.